# Embeddings and Immersions (Translations of Mathematical by Masahisa Adachi

This e-book covers basic strategies within the conception of $C^{\infty }$-imbeddings and $C^{\infty }$-immersions, emphasizing transparent intuitive figuring out and containing many figures and diagrams. Adachi starts off with an advent to the paintings of Whitney and of Haefliger on $C^{\infty }$-imbeddings and $C^{\infty }$-manifolds. The Smale-Hirsch theorem is gifted as a generalization of the class of $C^{\infty }$-imbeddings by way of isotopy and is prolonged through Gromov's paintings at the topic, together with Gromov's convex integration idea. eventually, as an software of Gromov's paintings, the writer introduces Haefliger's class theorem of foliations on open manifolds. additionally defined this is the Adachi's paintings with Landweber at the integrability of just about complicated constructions on open manifolds. This publication will be a good textual content for upper-division undergraduate or graduate classes.

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Additional info for Embeddings and Immersions (Translations of Mathematical Monographs)

Example text

Until now we have only used differentiation in a classical sense, and this would still suffice here. Thus we have not underlined the fact that for a convex function / in an open interval / , the derivatives /^ and / / both define f in the sense of the theory of distributions. This follows at once since for a non-negative test function if G CQ{I) we have by monotone convergence, for example, [ f^{x)ip{x) dx = lim l{f{x-\-h)-f{x))h-^ip{x)dx = lim / f{x){(p{x — h) — ip(x))h~^ dx = — f{x)(p\x) dx. In analogous discussions of subharmonic functions later on, the language of distribution theory will be much more essential.

CONVEX FUNCTIONS OF ONE VARIABLE equal to that of / . 2 proves that the convexity extends to a larger interval. 2. Quasi-convexity is not a local property, for a locally quasi-convex function can be monotonic in a number of intervals separated by intervals where it is constant. However, if / is locally quasi-convex and not constant in any open interval, then / is quasi-convex. We leave the verification to the reader. 7. Convexity of t h e m i n i m u m of a one parameter family of functions. 3, but the minimum is usually not.

Let T be an affine map V\ —> V2 where Vj are vector spaces, let Xj be convex subsets ofVj, and let fj be a convex function in Xj with finite values. Then Fi{x) = f2iTx), X G T-'X2, F2{y) = inf h{x), y G TXx, Tx=y are convex functions if F2{y) > —00 for some y in the relative interior of TXi. Proof. 2). To prove the one on F2 let yi,y2 G TXi and Ai,A2 > 0, Ai 4- A2 = 1. For arbitrary Xj G Xi with Txj = yj we have F2{Xiyi + A2y2) < /i(AiXi + A2X2) < Ai/i(a:i) + A2/i(x2). /2 G T X i , so F2 would be equal to —00 in the relative interior of T X i , which is against the hypothesis.